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Why Are Databases Underestimated in Machine Learning (Part One)?

Bo Yang

Tacnode Engineer

Part One: How Tacnode Uniquely Meets Enterprise Machine Learning Needs and Challenges

Introduction

In modern data science, data lakes, document databases, and distributed stream processors are often the default choices for machine learning (ML) projects. However, the potential of relational databases is frequently overlooked. Traditional relational databases are often perceived as limited in handling the complex and diverse data requirements of ML workflows. Tacnode breaks this mold by offering a cloud-native, distributed data platform that uniquely merges data warehouse and database functionalities into a single product. Unlike traditional databases, Tacnode is designed to handle transactional and analytical workloads at scale, making it particularly suitable for machine learning applications.

Leveraging relational databases for data storage, preprocessing, and feature engineering can significantly enhance the performance and efficiency of machine learning models. Tacnode's innovative architecture and features set it apart from traditional databases, providing a unified platform that addresses the specific needs of ML workflows.

This series of articles explores how databases can optimize every stage of a data pipeline—from preparation to real-time inference—thereby enhancing machine learning projects. Whether you are a data scientist, machine learning engineer, or database administrator, these insights will offer new perspectives and practical guidance.

In this context, Tacnode emerges as a unique solution, bridging the gap between traditional relational databases and the evolving needs of machine learning. Although Tacnode is not exclusively a machine learning database, it is a completely independent implementation that offers robust data management and integration capabilities to support machine learning workflows within existing technology stacks. Unlike tech stacks built on data lakes—which often require moving data between multiple systems for processing and feature engineering—Tacnode provides a unified architecture that enables seamless data storage, transformation, and analysis all in one place. This integrated approach reduces complexity and inefficiency, making Tacnode a compelling alternative to fragmented and cumbersome workflows in machine learning scenarios.

Key Takeaways

  1. Feature Calculation and Storage: Learn how to use databases and dbt (data build tool) to achieve consistent feature storage and computation, offering higher performance and a simpler architecture compared to traditional feature store solutions.
  2. Experiment Tracking and Model Management: Discover how to deploy services like MLflow using databases and object storage, ensuring reliable experiment tracking and model management, and facilitating team collaboration and cross-project reuse.
  3. Feature Engineering and Model Training: Understand how to leverage database views and materialized views to drive feature engineering and integrate with ML tools like FLAML and Scikit-learn, making the process more efficient and flexible.
  4. Model Inference and Feature Serving: Explore techniques for deploying models into production while maintaining consistency between online and offline features, supporting high-concurrency feature serving and inference.

Core Needs and Challenges of Enterprises in Machine Learning

Enterprises face specific challenges when applying machine learning in real business scenarios. These challenges can be broadly categorized into the following core needs:

1. Efficient and Consistent Feature Transformation and Engineering

Feature transformation and engineering are crucial for building effective ML models. However, traditional methods often require multiple tools and manual processes, leading to fragmented workflows and increased risk of errors. The challenge lies in efficiently transforming raw data into meaningful features while maintaining consistency throughout the pipeline.

Enterprises require a solution that allows the use of SQL-based tools directly within the database environment to simplify ETL processes and feature engineering tasks. The goal is to reduce complexity and ensure consistency across all stages of the ML pipeline.

2. Reproducible Experiment and Model Management

Developing ML models involves numerous experiments, such as feature selection, algorithm tuning, and validation. Enterprises need systematic methods to track and manage these experiments to ensure reproducibility, reliability, and rapid iteration. Model explainability is also critical, especially in industries like finance and healthcare, to justify decisions and maintain regulatory compliance.

3. Low-Latency, High-Concurrency Real-Time Inference

Enterprises often require their ML models to provide real-time predictions in production environments. This involves efficient model deployment, maintaining low-latency and high-concurrency inference while ensuring system stability. A significant challenge is ensuring consistency between offline and online feature transformation processes, which is essential for maintaining model accuracy and reliability.

4. Seamless Integration with Existing Tools and Platforms

To minimize data transfer and transformation overhead, enterprises need their machine learning tools and data platforms to integrate seamlessly with existing workflows. This includes compatibility with diverse data formats and integration with various data analytics tools, ML frameworks, and experiment management systems.

To address these challenges, a solution is needed that not only provides robust data management capabilities but also integrates seamlessly into existing enterprise environments. Tacnode is such a solution, offering unique features that specifically meet these needs.

How Tacnode Addresses These Challenges

Tacnode offers several unique features and optimizations to meet these challenges and needs:

1. Simplifying Feature Engineering and Transformation

Tacnode enables the use of SQL-based tools like dbt directly within the database environment, simplifying ETL processes and feature engineering tasks. This centralized approach allows data teams to consistently define, compute, and manage features, reducing errors and fragmentation. Unlike traditional databases, Tacnode's dual support for row-based and columnar storage optimizes both transactional and analytical workloads on a single platform, which is critical for machine learning applications that require rapid processing of large volumes of data.

With its innovative architecture, Tacnode is particularly advantageous for fast processing of large-scale data required for feature extraction and real-time predictions. Tools like dbt further automate transformations, create reusable data models, and maintain a consistent architecture that integrates seamlessly with ML tools.

For example, in a house price prediction project, Tacnode can manage the entire feature engineering pipeline within the database, from data extraction to feature storage. This ensures feature consistency across training and inference stages, reducing the need for managing separate pipelines.

2. Enhancing Experiment Tracking and Model Management

Tacnode integrates seamlessly with tools like MLflow, leveraging its robust transaction management to store experiment data, model parameters, and training results. This integration enhances model reproducibility, explainability, and overall management efficiency, supporting rapid iteration and collaboration among data science teams. Its compatibility with the PostgreSQL protocol simplifies integration, but Tacnode goes beyond traditional PostgreSQL capabilities with its distributed architecture and enhanced performance, uniquely benefiting ML workflows.

3. Enabling Real-Time Inference and Feature Serving

Tacnode provides a unified feature processing architecture, allowing the same infrastructure to handle both offline features for training and online features for inference. This architecture ensures consistency between feature transformation pipelines, eliminating discrepancies that might arise due to differences in offline and online data processing. This unified approach differentiates it from traditional databases, which often require separate systems to handle transactional and analytical workloads, leading to complexity and potential inconsistencies.

Additionally, Tacnode's single database can simultaneously serve as both an online store and an offline store, greatly simplifying the feature serving process. This ensures that features are processed consistently, regardless of whether they are used for model training or real-time inference.

4. Facilitating Seamless Integration

Tacnode supports diverse data formats (such as JSON, arrays, and geospatial data) and is compatible with the PostgreSQL protocol, facilitating seamless integration with existing enterprise tools. It also supports vector search syntax compatible with the pgvector ecosystem, effectively handling multimodal heterogeneous data. Its distributed implementation of the pgvector syntax can handle ultra-large datasets, providing superior scalability and performance beyond the limitations of traditional databases.

Tacnode's extensive API and extension support facilitate integration with existing tools and platforms, including data analytics tools, ML frameworks, and experiment management systems. Its compatibility with the PostgreSQL protocol allows for direct reuse of existing workflows, reducing the time and cost of technology adoption. By combining these features, Tacnode uniquely positions itself as a database that not only fits into existing systems but also enhances them to meet the advanced requirements of machine learning projects.

Conclusion

While Tacnode is not solely a machine learning database, it uniquely addresses a range of data management challenges in ML projects. By combining the strengths of traditional databases with the specialized needs of machine learning, Tacnode provides a unified platform capable of handling both transactional and analytical workloads at scale. However, understanding the true extent of Tacnode’s advantages requires a closer comparison with existing ML technology stacks.

Traditional architectures often involve a complex combination of data lakes, document databases, and specialized processing tools, leading to inefficiencies and higher costs. In contrast, Tacnode’s innovative architecture promises a streamlined, integrated approach. But how does it truly stack up against these conventional solutions in practice?

In the next part, we will directly compare Tacnode's solution with traditional ML architectures, highlighting where it excels and where it presents new opportunities for enterprises looking to optimize their machine learning workflows.

References

  • dbt (data build tool) - A data transformation tool for transforming data in data warehouses.
  • Tacnode - A cloud-native, distributed data platform for efficient data management.
  • MLflow - An open-source platform for managing the ML lifecycle.
  • pgvector Extension for PostgreSQL - An extension for efficient vector similarity search, ideal for ML applications involving high-dimensional data.